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What Is Autism?

Autism is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects how people communicate and interact, and how a person’s brain develops and functions, from infancy through adulthood. It is usually characterized by social-communication challenges and restricted and repetitive behaviors, activities and interests.

What Causes Autism?

There is no single cause of autism, though scientific evidence points to a strong genetic component. Inherited genetic profiles, single-gene mutations, and combinations of mutations to multiple genes can all cause different expressions of autism. Other factors, such as parental age, certain environmental factors, and maternal medical conditions may contribute to an increased likelihood of autism for those that already have an underlying genetic predisposition. A once-popular theory that vaccines cause autism has been disproven by numerous studies conducted around the world.

Diagnosing Autism

When caregivers are concerned about their child’s development, they may speak with their child's doctor and learn how to have their child evaluated. Autism can be diagnosed with a combination of caregiver developmental interviews, screening assessments, questionnaires, and behavioral observations by a qualified professional, such as a psychiatrist, psychologist, or pediatrician. Early identification can help families begin supportive interventions or access services sooner, which can improve the child’s outcomes and quality of life.

Support and Intervention

Autism interventions refers to a wide range of therapies that are designed to support autistic individuals develop skills, reduce challenges they may experience, and improve quality of life. It is important that therapies are tailored to the unique needs of each autistic person– including their strengths, challenges, and goals, that autistic individuals are actively involved in decisions about their supports and therapies, and that they begin as early as possible.

Common types of interventions and therapies supported by evidence include behavioral intervention, occupational therapy, speech therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, medication, and special education programs or accommodations.

Autism is also associated with co-occurring conditions such as ADHD, seizures, sleep problems, gastro-intestinal issues, and mental health concerns. Actions to alleviate these conditions can also dramatically improve quality of life.

We gather resources from a variety of national, state, and community organizations who support autistic individuals and their families. 

When possible, we provide links to third party resources. Please note, the Duke Center for Autism is not responsible for the content, or security and privacy policies on third party websites. Click the link below to visit our Autism Resource Library.